Which theory suggests that criminals make rational choices based on perceived risks and rewards?

Rational Choice Theory is a significant concept in criminology that posits that individuals, including criminals, make decisions based on a rational calculation of the potential risks and rewards associated with their actions. This theory suggests that before engaging in criminal behavior, individuals evaluate the likely outcomes of their actions, weighing the benefits of committing a crime against the possible consequences they might face if caught.

For example, a potential burglar may assess the likelihood of success in breaking into a home, the value of the items they could steal, and the chances of being apprehended by law enforcement. If the perceived rewards outweigh the risks, they may proceed with the criminal act. This theory underlines the importance of understanding the decision-making processes of offenders and highlights that crime is not purely a result of environmental factors but also a result of deliberation and choice.

The other theories listed focus on different aspects of crime. Routine Activities Theory emphasizes the role of opportunity, suggesting that crimes are likely to occur when a motivated offender encounters a suitable target without capable guardianship. Crime Prevention Theory centers on strategies to prevent crime rather than explaining the decision-making of criminals. Crime Pattern Theory looks at patterns and trends in crime based on geographic and temporal factors rather than the rational choices made by offenders. Thus,